Haptoglobin development in newborn infants from diabetic mothers

Haptoglobin (Hp) development during the neonatal period has been studied in 325 newborn infants from normal pregnancies and in 242 infants from diabetic mothers. In infants from diabetic mothers Hp development is delayed as compared to infants from normal pregnancies. This delay is associated with a change in the pattern of relationship between Hp development and the polymorphism of acid phosphatase (ACP1) (an enzyme which shows phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity). In infants from normal pregnancies who show ACP1 phenotypes with the highest activity, the appearance of Hp is accelerated as compared to other infants. In contrast, infants from diabetic pregnancies who have ACP1 phenotypes with the highest activity, show delayed Hp development.     

鱼油饲料对自发性高血压大鼠血压血脂心肌收缩力及动作电位的影响

雄性8个月龄自发性高血压大鼠20只,其遗传性高血压及心肌肥大已稳定形成。对照组10只,饲标准饲料,连续80天。实验组10只动物饲混有10％鱼油(C_(20):5n-3,12-20％)的标准饲料80天。每周测量大鼠尾部血压、心率两次。实验开始后第20天,实验组动脉收缩压从210±6mmHg下降到190±10mmHg。此后60天内,稳定在185±10mmHg,比原血压水平降低12％(P<0.05)。对照组的血压,在80天内稳定在210±15mmHg。实验组总胆固醇为73±9mg/dl,较对照组(108±12mg/dl)降低32％(P<0.05);甘油三酯为105±24mg/dl,较对照组(220±58mg/dl)降低51％(P<0.06)。 用标准微电极和张力换能器在左、右心室乳头肌上同时记录动作电位和等长收缩力。结果表明,实验组左心室乳头肌APD_(50)(83±11.2msec)较对照组(112±10.8msec)缩短22％(P<0.05)。APA、RP和APD_(90)没有显著性改变。值得注意的是,尽管统计学上无显著性差异,但实验组的V_(max)较对照组有降低的趋势。右心室乳头肌AP各参数在两组间无明显差异。两组动物心室乳头肌等长收缩力峰值及达峰值的时程也无明显差别。 以上结果提示,10％鱼油对SHR有降低血压,降低血液胆固醇及明显降低甘油三酯的作用。使肥大心肌APD_(50)缩短,对心肌收缩力各参数未见明显影响。     

黄胸鼠对新异物行为反应的研究

在自然栖有黄胸鼠(Rattus flavipectus)的室内,观察黄胸鼠对新异物行为反应,并作了食物消耗量实验。结果表明,黄胸鼠对新异物既有迴避,又有积极地探索行为,一般需经6～21次的反复审察后,才触动新异物体(包括鼠笼、鼠夹、毒饵等)。试验说明:对新异物,大多数黄胸鼠需要4天以后才可能降低机警性而大胆取食。因此建议在消灭黄胸鼠时,使用急性灭鼠药的前饵时间不能少于3天;采用敌鼠钠盐等慢性药物,需连续用5～6天,才能取得最佳效果。     

亚砷酸钠对大鼠离体坐骨神经干复合动作电位的影响

应用电生理方法观察了不同浓度的亚砷酸钠对大鼠离体坐骨神经干复合动作电位的幅度、阈强度、传导速度及持续时间的影响。结果表明:亚砷酸钠溶液浸泡大鼠坐骨神经干30分钟,当浓度高于3×10-4mol/L时,复合动作电位的幅值较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。复合动作电位的阈强度随亚砷酸钠浓度的升高而增加,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。复合动作电位的传导速度随亚砷酸钠浓度的升高而变慢,但只有亚砷酸钠浓度高于10-3mol/L时,复合动作电位传导速度与对照组相比差异才有显著性(P<0.01)。复合动作电位的持续时间随亚砷酸钠浓度增加而延长,但与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。这说明亚砷酸钠可影响大鼠坐骨神经干复合动作电位。     

沙苑子对运动训练大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响

通过建立力竭跑台训练模型,测试大鼠骨骼肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和ATP酶活性,探讨沙苑子对力竭跑台训练大鼠骨骼肌组织自由基代谢、ATP酶活性和运动能力的影响.结果显示,与安静组比较,运动力竭组SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性降低,MDA含量升高;沙苑子组大鼠骨骼肌组织活性显著高于对照组,MDA含量明显低于相应对照组(P<0.01);运动力竭组Na 、K -ATPase和Ca2 、Mg2 -ATPase活性与安静组比较降低,沙苑子组大鼠骨骼肌组织ATPase活性显著高于对照组.沙苑子可显著提高运动大鼠抗氧化的功能,提高运动大鼠骨骼肌组织ATPase活性,具有较强抗氧化能力,使大鼠运动能力有了明显提高.     

补阳还五汤对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血浆cAMP与β-EP含量的影响

目的:探讨补阳还五汤对局灶性脑缺血的治疗作用机理.方法:复制大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,合格大鼠分为3组,补阳还五汤组予补阳还五汤治疗,尼莫地平组予尼莫地平治疗,模型空白组给予等容量蒸馏水,同时设非模型空白对照组,测定各组大鼠血浆环磷腺苷酸(cAMP)和-内啡肽(β-EP)的含量.结果:造模后大鼠血浆cAMP含量显著降低,β-EP含量显著增高,与空白组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01);补阳还五汤组血浆cAMP含量显著升高,β-EP含量显著降低,且接近于正常值,与模型空白组比较,有极显著性差异(P<0.01),与尼莫地平组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:补阳还五汤对局灶性脑缺血大鼠血浆cAMP、β-EP具有显著的调节作用,且作用明显优于尼莫地平组.     

"两次打击"急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-kB p65 mRNA的表达

目的观察用油酸(OA)和脂多糖(LPS)两次打击急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织核因子———kB(NF_kB)p65 mRNA表达量的变化,探讨转录调节因子NF_kB p65与急性肺损伤的关系。方法用OA(0.2mL/kg)和LPS(2mg/kg)两次打击,建立两次打击急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,进行ALI大鼠血液白细胞(WBC)分类计数和肺指数测定、肺组织病理学检查,采用原位杂交检测肺组织中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达。结果两次打击后的ALI大鼠血液中WBC和肺指数显著升高,WBC分类呈现淋巴细胞比率降低而中性粒细胞比例增高的变化,呈典型的急性炎症表现,肺脏病理改变严重。原位杂交检测显示,ALI大鼠肺组织细胞中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达明显增强。结论在ALI大鼠肺组织细胞中NF_kB p65 mRNA的表达量增强,参与了急性肺损伤的发病作用。     

玻璃体切割联合视网膜光凝治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:探讨玻璃体切割联合眼内视网膜光凝治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病(PDR)病变疗效。方法:对30例30眼PDR患者进行玻璃体切割联合眼内视网膜光凝,11眼行巩膜环扎术,其中8眼行硅油填充,15眼行白内障摘除。结果:术后三月随访26眼视力都有明显好转,4眼由于视网膜下出血及增殖膜,视力提高不明显。结论:玻璃体切割联合眼内视网膜光凝治疗PDR有明显疗效,同时也是目前治疗PDR最有效的手段。     

Bromocriptine/SKF38393 ameliorates islet dysfunction in the diabetic (db/db) mouse

Dysfunction of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the etiology of type II diabetes. Chronic hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia may impair islet function. Previous studies by our laboratory have demonstrated that dopaminergic agonists ameliorated hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia in obese and diabetic rodents. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a treatment with the dopamine D₂ /D₁ receptor agonists (bromocriptine/SKF38393, BC/SKF) on islet dysfunction in db/db mice. Our results show that a 2-week BC/SKF treatment markedly reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, and significantly improved islet dysfunction demonstrated by an increase of secretagogue-stimulated insulin release from islets of db/db mice to levels observed in islets from lean mice. There was also a fourfold increase of insulin content in the pancreas of BC/SKF-treated db/db mice compared with that in untreated controls. The effect of BC/SKF on islet function cannot be mimicked in pair-fed animals. BC/SKF had no direct stimulatory effect on islet insulin secretion, suggesting BC/SKF treatment improved islet function via an indirect mechanism. This treatment markedly improved the abnormally elevated daily levels of corticosterone, blood glucose and plasma lipids, supporting the view that BC/SKF may affect the neuroendocrine system that in turn regulates peripheral metabolism and thereby improves islet function. Received 3 April 1998; accepted 27 April 1998     

Reduced tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronal function in rats after long-term withdrawal of estrogen treatment

Summary Hypothalamic fragments from female rats treated repeatedly with estradiol valerate (EV) and bearing prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors contained, seven months after the last EV injection, lower concentrations of dopamine (DA) than age-matched controls. Depolarizing concentrations of K⁺ (35 mM) and amphetamine (50 M) evoked in PRL-secreting tumor bearing rats an endogenous DA release significantly lower than in controls.